- Dr. Lalmuana Guite                                                            

Assistant Professor                                                           

Department of Political Science

ICFAI University. Aizawl.                                                          

- Dr. Lallawmzuala Khiangte

Assistant Professor

Department of Political Science

ICFAI University. Aizawl

India leh Pakistan buaina chu May Ni 10 zanlaiah ceasefire hmangin tih tawp a ni a. Ram pahnihte chuan silai hmet puak tawh lo turin inremna an nei. Prime Minister Modi chuan India leh Pakistan inkahhai (ceasefire) puan chu ceasefire ni tak tak ni lovin, hmalakna kal lai mek chawlh lailawkna ang chauh a ni tiin a sawi a. Pakistan ram chhunga firfiak buzawl zawng zawng kan luhchhuah a kan tukzal hnuah chauh kan hmalakna kan chawlhsan thei tawh ang tiin a sawi chhunzawm bawk. Foreign policy lam a mithiamte pawn India leh Pakistan ceasefire puan hi ceasefire dang lakah chuan a danglam deuh tih an pawm a, lehlam ve ve in an hmalakna an chawlh tir lailawkah an ngaihsak a ni. Chumi chu rilrua dah chungin India leh Pakistan buaina leh ceasefire puan tawhte sawi ho i han tum teh ang.

THUHMAHRUAI

India leh Pakistan inkar buaina hi hun rei tawh tak Independent kan hmuh hunlai atanga lo in tan tawh a ni a. Ramriah sipai vawi engemaw zat an in nawr a, silai puakin indona hial pawh a thleng thin. Indona ti tawp turin ram pahnih hruaitute’n ceasefire an puang thin a ni. Ceasefire huangchhungah thuthlung (Treaty) leh Inremna (Agreement) tha tak tak sign ni mahse remna leh muanna tluantling a thlen chuang lo. Kum 1947 a Pakistan in firfiak pawl Kashmir a a rawn tirh luh atang khan tuna buaina kan hmachhawn ang hian India ala chenchilh ta reng mai a ni. Hemi hnu kum 1965, 1971, 1999 ah India leh Pakistan an indo a, a hnu kum 2001, 2002 leh 2003ah kan sipaite ramriah indo mai thei turin an in ral ring bawk. Mahse vawi engemaw zat ceasefire puan hnu pawn tun ang boruak duhawm lo kan hmachhawn hi a ngai leh thin.

KARACHI AGREEMENT

India leh Pakistan chu British sawrkar atang a zalenna pek an nih khan, Jammu & Kashmir hi mahni a ro inrelna hrang nei thei tura zalenna pek a ni a (Mountbatten Plan-1947). Pakistan chuan anmahni zawm ve turin ansawm a, mahse an sawmna hnawl a nih avangin J&K chu an lal Maharaja Hari Singh kut ata hneh chhuh tumin hma ala ta a ni. Sipai pangai tir lovin Kabalis hnam ho chu J&K run turin ral thuam nen a tir ta. Maharaja Hari Sing mangang chuan India puihna a rawn dil ta a. Kum 1947 a India-Pakistan inkar bauina chu 1949 ah ceasefire puangin Karachi Agreement sign a lo ni ta a. Indian chuan agreement-in a huam chin tur a an duh ceasefire line siam an rawt a. Chu hmalakna kal zel chuan ramriah Line of Control a rawn siam chhuak ta a ni. India khan Pakistan duh dan ni lovin ama duh danin thuthlung a duang a, chu chu Pakistan hnehah pawm turin thurawn a pe a ni. Ram pahnih siapite’n an pelh theih loh tur chin a duan Ceasefire line awmna tur a a ruahman Pakistanin a pawm theih hnuah chauh Ceasefire neih a remti a ni.

TASHKENTDECLARATION

Kum 1965 June thlaah India leh Pakistan chuan independent hnu a ram pahnih indona hautak ber an hmachhawn a. September 1965 thla a Ceasefire puan chu Tashkent Declaration-in a chhunzawm a ni. India kha kawng eng­kimah an chungnung em em a, sipaite pawh Lahor khawpuiah an in bengbel hman a nih kha. Chuvangin Pakistan khan duhthlan tur a nei lova, phur lo em em chung­in Tashkint Agreement a sign a ngai ta a ni. Tashkent agreement hnuaiah ram pahnih­te’n Ceasefire puan a sipaite indo hma a an post a hnuh kir, ram in pek let, mi mante in hlan chhawn, leh tharum tel lova buaina ching fel turin an inremna an siam a. Ram pahnihte’n lehlam ram sawrkar inrelbawlna a inrawlh lo tur leh ram pakhat zawk tana buaina chawkchhuak thei tur zawng a hmalakna lak a inthliarfihlim turin inremna an nei bawk a ni.

SHIMLA AGREEMENT

Kum 1971 a Bangladesh Liberalization War a rawn chhuah khan loh theih lohna avangin India a tel ve a ngai leh ta a. Tashkin Agreement sign hnu kum ruk lekah India-Pakistan indona a thleng leh ta a ni. He indona a India hlawhtlinna pawimawh ber pakhat chu ram pahnihah Pakistan then hrang a ni a, Bangadesh a lo piang ta a ni. Pakistan tlawm hnuah ram pahnih hruaitute chuan lungrual takin Shimla Agreement an sign a. Shimla Agreement lo pian chhuah naah hian ram dang an inrawlh lova, ram pahnih inkarah inremna a lo awm a ni. Bilateral agreement a ni a, a awmzia chu ram pahnihin an mahni inkar a in remna an kalpui a ni. Shimla Agreement a chiang taka chuang bawk chu ram pahnihte’n buaina an neih reng rengin ramdang inhnamhnawihna (US, Russia, leh a dangte) tel lovin an mahni inkarah chinfel dan an ngaituah ang tih a ni. India hruai­tute khan an duh chin an hre­chiang a, chumi tihlawhtling tur chuan hma an la a. Shimla Agreement in a thu ken tel ho kha a tak ram alo chang thei ta a ni. Ngun taka kan thlir chuan he inremnaah hian India dinhmun a chungnung zawk em em mai tih kan hmu thei awm e. Hei hi a ni kan duh dan leh kan tana tha tur ngaituah ran chunga ceasefire kalpui tih awmzia chu.

KARGIL WAR LEH CEASEFIRE

Kum 1999 khan Kargil War a chhuak a India leh Pakistan chu an inkap leh ta a. Hetih hunlai hian US President Bill Clinton kha India leh Pakistan inkara buaina chingfeltu nih tum reng reng khan a phusa em em mai a. A chhan ber pawh Pakistan hruai­tute khan Clinton chu India nena an buaina chinfel pui tura palai hna thawk turin an sawm chamchi mai a ni. Mahse khatih laia India Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee rilru huaisen zia kha India mipuiten kan hriat reng a pawimawh awm e.

Parliament a all party meeting naah ‘Pakistan hruaitute chu Washington-ah zuk thlawkthlain White House-ah Bill Clinton an zuk hmu a. Clintona’n mi rawn call a, Pakistan hruaitute ka bulah an awm a I rawn kal ve dawng em? tiin mi rawn zawt a. Ka kal loh zia mai tur chu. Khatianga Pakistan hmalakna khan kawngro engmah a su dawn hlek lo. Kan ram a dan lova sipai an rawn luh tirte hnuk kir sela, firfiak hmangin buaina rawn siam thawh lo bawk sela keini pawn indo kan ti tawp mai ang’. tiin a sawi siah siah mai a nih kha. Ruling party member chauh nilo, opposition lam nen kut an beng dur dur mai a ni.

July 1999 a rawn inherchhuah meuh chuan Pakistan chu a tlawm ta a. India sipaite chuan Pakistan sipaite’n dan lova post an luah­te chu an hnehchhuh leh vek tawh a. Mumal taka ceasefire inremna awm lo mahse Pakistan inhnuhdawhna khan indona chu a tawp tir ta a ni. India in a duh ber a ram chin a la let leh a, Pakistan sipaite an ram chinah an inhnuk let bawk a. Ram dang hruaitu rawn inrawlh ve ngai hauh lovin ram pahnihte’n an buaina an chingfel thei a ni.

OPERATION PARAKRAM

Hemi hnu kum 2001, 2002 leh 2003ah ram pahnihte indo thei dinhmunah an ding leh a. December 13, 2001 khan silai keng Pakistan firfiak pawl pakhat Jaish e-Mohammed inti te’n luhchilh tumin India Parliament an bei a nih kha. India chuan a chhanlet nan Operation Parakram kalpui nghal in sipai nuai nga zet India-Pakistan ramriah a tir nghal a nih kha. Pakistan lam lah engmah in hnamhnawihna an neih loh thuin tan an khawh tlat mai a. International Organization hrang hrangte chuan Pakistan thlavang rawn hauhin India chu indona thleng thei tur zawng a hmalakna nei lo turin thurawn an pe a. USA, UK leh ram dangte pawn rampahnih hruaitute chu khawvela remna leh muanna a awm theih nan in beng dai turin an ngen bawk a ni.

President Pervez Musharraf chuan Pakistanin ramri kan a firfiak a chetna tibo tur leh firfiak pawl hrang hrangte nuaibo tura hmalakna a kalpui tur thu a rawn puang chhuak a. Chumi hnuah India pawn ramri a sipai a dahte chu zawi zawiin a hnuk kir leh ta a ni. India in operation a kalpui a, a duh ang a boruak rawn in her danglam a hmuh hnuah hmalakna a ti tawp ta chuah a ni.

Ram chak leh thil ti thei zawk US leh UK te khan India kha nasa taka nawr in an duh anga inremna siampui turin turawn an pe a, mahse India chuan a duh anga thutlukna siam a nih theih nan huaisen takin a din tlang pui ngam a ni. Mahse kum pawh a vei em hma 2003 khan Pakistan lamin Line of Control pel a sipai an rawn awm tir avangin ram pahnihte chu laipui hmangin an in ral sai leh ta dup dup a. Pakistan chuan a ze ngai bawk chhuah lehin UN General Assembly rem chang a lain ceasefire neih a rawt chamchi mai a. India Prime Minister Vajpayee chuan Border Peace Initiative hnuaiah President Musharraf rawtna chu a pawm pui ta a ni.

Kan sawi tawh atanga lang chiang ta em em mai chu Pakistan chuan vawi 100 chuang ceasefire min sign pui pawh nise India laka an chet lakna hi a ti tawp maiin a rin­awm loh. India tana buaina chawhchhuah hi Pakistan mizia leh nungchang a bet tlat, reh tawh ngailo tur a ni. Pakistan chuan India angin mipui thlan chhuah sawrkar diktak a nei velo a, an sipaite kutah thuneihna sang zawk pek a ni. An hna pawimawh ber chu India tibuai tur a firfiak a che tur mi engemaw zat training pek a ni. A sawrkar angin ceasefire sign in inremna ang hial nei ve bawk thin mah ila, hotu an inthlak a India tana buaina siam bawk a rawn thupui ber leh thin.

OPERTION SINDOOR LEH CEASEFIRE

Pakistan sawrkar tirh firfiakte’n April Ni 22 khan Pahalgam-ah tourist 26 lai silaiin an kaphlum a. He rawva taka chetna chhanglet turin India chuan May Ni 7 zan atangin Operation Sindoor a kalpui a nih kha. Prime Minister Narendra Modi chuan Pahalgam a nunna chante thisen a thlawn a a luan loh tur thu leh firfiak a chete luhchhuah a an phutawk hemna pek an nih hma chu tui chungah, khawmual leh boruakah India-in hmalakna a thulh loh tur thu a au chhuah pui dum dum a nih kha Bihar election campaign a neih naah. Mahse kan inrin hma hauh May Ni 10 zanlaiah India sawrkar thupuangtu chuan India leh Pakistan sawrkar hruaitute’n ceasefire an puan thu mipuite hriat turin a rawn puang chhuak a. Chumai nilo, US President Donald Trump chuan ceasefire awm theih nan a hma latu ber a nih thu zep hauh lovin a sawi chhuak bawk a ni. Khatih lai a tam tak rilru a zawhna lo lang hmasa ber chu Shimla Agreement kha bawhchhiat a ni ta em tih hi a ni.

Tun tum buaina a pawimawh em em kan sawi lan leh theih chu opposition lamin eng­tinge an lo dawnsawn tih hi a ni. Sashi Tharoor tih loh chu opposition leader zawng zawng deuh thaw an reh thiap mai a. Anni pawh opposition MP ni chung siin ruling party thupuangtu emaw tih mai tur khan sawrkar thu leh hla a rawn amen pui dup dup mai a nih kha. Rahul Gandhi leh opposition leader dangte chu hmuh tur pawh an awm tawh lo. Kan politician-te ai chuan independent journalist thenkhat khan opposition mawhphurhna an rawn hlen chhuak ta daih zawk a. India sawrkarin Jammu & Kashmir a vehimna (security) a kalpui dante, terrorist ho luh chhuak vek tur a in sawi si khan engvang a a vulhtu Pakistan nen ceasefire puang ta mai nge an nih tih zawhna leh engvangin nge Shimla Agreement kalh a US rawn inrawlh remti ta nge an nih tih zawhna te an rawn auchhuah pui a ni.

TLANGKAWMNA

A tlangkawmnaah chuan indona hian ram leh mipuite tan thil tha a thlen ngai lo a. Kan ramhruaitute pawn indona pumpelh zawnga hma anla hi an fin zia leh an ngaituah thui zia a lang reng mai. Amaherawhchu, he buainaah hian thil pawimawh deuh deuh ngaituahho tur a awm a. Pakkhatnaah chuan India sawrkar khan Pahalgam-ah firfiak a chetna a thleng thei tih vawi eng­emaw zat information an dawnga, Prime Minister Modi pawn Srinagar a tlawh tur pawh thulh leh a ni. Mahse chutichung chuan venhimna lam eng­mah hmalakna a nei chuang silo khan zawhna tam tak a siam a ni.

Pahnihnaah chuan Prime Minister Modia'n ceasefire tak tak ni lovin chawlh lailawk a ni a tih tak hi eng a sawi tum ni ang? Hun kal tawh kan chhuilet chuan India leh Pakistan buaina hi reilote reh a rawn alh chhuak leh zel thin a ni a. Chuvangin chawlh lailawk a tih hian ram pahnih inkarah inremna tluantling ala awm mai dawn lo tih ati chiang viauin a lang. Mipuite’n tuntum chu firfiak a che thinte an reh vang vang tawhna tur khawp­in kan sawrkar a thawkchhuak ngei dawn e tia kan lo beisei kha a tak ram a chang thei dawn ta lo a. Kashmir mipuite’n remna leh muanna rei tak anlo beisei tawh pawh kum engemaw zat anla nghah fan fan a ngai ngei dawn a ni. Hun kal tawh a India-Pakistan buaina chinfel alo nih tawh naah India duh dan a lal zawk fo thin. Mahse tun tum inremna thlen danah erawh Pakistan leh a sangawi­zawnpui ram a bik takin America chuan ruahmanna an siam a, chu chu India lamin a lo pawm ta mai niin a lang. Pakistan duh danin ceasefire a hlawhtling a, IMF atangin $1 Billion funding anla dawng dawn bawk a ni.

Pathumnaah chuan Operation Sindoor hnu a ceasefire kalpui danah chauh hian a ni lo maw, kan ram hruaitute’n, India tan a tha tur dah pawimawh hmasa zawk lova thu tawp an siamna awm chhun. America palaina an pawm avangin Shimla Agreement chu bawhchhiat alo ni ta a. Kashmir buaina chingfel tur chuan US an tel ve zel a ngai dawn chauh ni lovin, America kutah Kashmir buaina chingfel tur a thuneihna pek a ni ti ila kan sawi sual tam awm love. Chutih mek laiin kan buaina zawng zawng hi Pakistan lam rawn chawhchhuah leh an bul tan avanga rawn awm a ni. Chuvangin a tawp kharnaah chuan a ti sual zawnkin an sual man an hmu ve tur a ni. Mahse kan ram hruaitute’n India duh dan auchhuahpui hmasa lovin Pakistan ceasefire rawtna anlo pawm ta mai hian nakin zelah India tan kihhnawk thenfai tur tam tak ala siam ve thei tlat ni. Operation Sindoor kha engvang a India-in kalpui nge a nih? enge a tum leh enge a hlawhtlinna? tih zawhna chuan chhanna mumal tak a nei thei rih lo a ni. A palinaah chuan opposition ten an mawhphurhna an hlen zolo lutuk leh an ngawi thei lutuk hian zawhna tam tak a siam bawk.

Kan sipai huaisen tak takte leh mahni nunna hial ram tana hlante kan chhuang a, an ralrel thiam zarah khawvelin India din hmun sang takah a hmu mek a ni. Chutih lai mek erawh chuan kan political leaderte thutlukna khan mipui rilruah zawhna tam tak a siam ve thung a ni.